Vietnamese Updates: National Assessment Report on Coastal Erosion completes (18 Jul 2013)

National Assessment Report on Coastal Erosion completes Thứ năm, ngày 18 tháng 07 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 23:37

Vietnam is one of the frequent disaster- affectedcountries. Coastal erosion is a constant threat toVietnam and is getting more serious as a consequence of storms and rising sea levels caused by climate change.  A series of projects and programs have been implemented to deal with coastal erosion. On July 17,at a consultation workshop on National Assessment Report on Coastal Erosion in Vietnam, Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA) said that the building and completion of the Report will helpCOBSEA get information to build a regional project to cope with the challenges of climate change andcoastal erosion.

Coastal erosion

At the workshop, Dr. Vu Tuan , Deputy Director of the Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands and Mr. Le Van Cong, senior consultant on coastal erosion said that , coastal erosion in Vietnam are increasingly complicated and serious and occurs throughout the coastal areas. Specifically, in the North, from Quang Ninh to Ninh Binh there are five places which have been eroded continuously since 1930 to now in Cat Hai, Bang La (Hai Phong), Thuy Xuan (Thai Binh), Xuan Thuy and Hai Hau (Nam Dinh). In particular, Cat Hai and Hai Hau are severely eroded.

In the central region (from Thanh Hoa to Binh Thuan), coastal erosion occurs in almost all types of shore structure such as sand, gravel,mud, etc. However, the most serious one is sand shore structure (accounting for 94% of the coastal erosion). Especially, there are 121 areas of coastline having dams, embankments, trees but the erosion still occurs.

In the South (from Ba Ria - Vung Tau to Kien Giang), since 1960, coastal erosion have taken place popularly and gradually. It can be easily seen in Can Gio (Ho Chi Minh City), Dong Hai (Tra Vinh) and some districts of Ca Mau province. Coastal erosion has threatened thepeople’s life, broken dykes, caused flooding and saltwater intrusion and seriously affected to food security and socio-economic development.

Coastal erosion management policies

Not only did it occur in Vietnam, coastal erosion is a common phenomenon in most East Asian countries. The workshop "Evaluation ofcoastal erosion in Vietnam" has figured out solutions for Vietnam and other countries to adapt and minimize damages caused by coastal erosion and natural. In addition, we need enhance people’s awareness about the consequences of coastal erosion and natural disastersso that people are aware of conducting Dyke Law, Law on Environmental Protection, Law on Forest Protection and Development and Law on Water Resources. Besides, it is necessary to establish monitoring networks to control erosion on the basis of coordination amongcentral scientific agencies and the local technical ones. Moreover, legal framework, planning of coastal protection against exploitation ofcoastal resources should be strengthened.

Mr. Reynaldo Molina, Secretariat Board of Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA) said, COBSEA is building projects to strengthen the capacity of member states of Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand to restore and manage coastal erosion and protect coastal ecosystems. The workshop provided information for COBSEA to build a joint project ofsustainable development, social security and ecological security in Vietnam in particular and the South China Sea in general.

K.Linh

Source: http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=80&ID=128383&Code=DVAR128383

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Vietnamese Updates: VAST NANO Technology - solution for treatment of arsenic in water (10 Jul 2013)

VAST NANO Technology - solution for treatment of arsenic in water 
Thứ tư, ngày 10 tháng 07 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 04:02


Arsenic contamination in ground water is increasing; recently, scientists in the Inorganic Chemistry Department- Institute forChemistry Studies have studied and applied Nano VAST technology for treatment of arsenic and mental in water. This is considered to be an effective economic and secured solution.

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Vietnam is dangerous problem. According to the WHO, approximately 15 million people in Vietnam(nearly one fifth of the population) may face the potential risk of arsenic poisoning because of using polluted water which is not thoroughly treated. The level of pollution in Ha Nam, Hanoi, Hung Yen, Ha Tay, Vinh Phuc, Long An, Dong Thap, An Giang and Kien Giang is particularly high. Therefore, the removal of arsenic and heavy metals in water became urgent needs. It requires an effective and suitable technologysolution consistent with Vietnam's practice.

In Vietnam, the study of arsenic removal for water has been carried out for long, however, in general there is no technology or material whichproved its dominance in treating arsenic in water in both family scale and industry scale. Oxidization and treatment of manganese and iron in groundwater is the main technology. This classic technology removes a small amount of arsenic in water.

Layouts of the Nano VAST technology

To find a solution for arsenic treatment, recently, scientists in Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Institute for Chemistry Studies hassuccessfully built a water treatment system for arsenic and heavy metal contamination using Nano VAST technology. This technology uses twotypes of advanced arsenic adsorbents of  NC- F20 and NC- MF which are produce in Vietnam. NC- F20 and NC- MF’s dominantadvantage is that adsorption is at a fast pace with very high capacity.  

Nano Vast system has been deployed in a clinic in Nhan Khang commune, Ly Nhan, Ha Nam district. The system is able to remove arsenic from200 ppb to less than 5 ppb (standard is 10 ppb) with a capacity of 1.5 m3 per hour. The system is designed in two modes and easy to adjust automatically or manually. Up to now, Nano Vast system has been developed and replicated in many localities with a capacity of 0.8 m3/h,1.2 m3 / h and 1.5 m3 / h.

(a) Nano VAST system with a capacity of 1.5 m3 / h was installed in a clinic in Nhan Khang commune, Ly Nhan, Ha Nam province (b) Nano VAST system with a capacity of 1.2 m3 / h treating arsenic contaminated water has been installed in Trung Yen - Ha Noi

 Mr. Pham Van Lam - Department of Inorganic Chemistry Institute for Chemistry Studies, manager of research project said that the disadvantage of the Nano VAST which is connected with common pretreatment system (oxidation, sedimentation, filtration) system is that the system stillgenerates solid residue (in the tank) contain high concentrations of arsenic.  The costs will be increased because of expensive equipments.Currently, with the desire to limit these disadvantages, scientists connect Nano VAST technology with SAR technology (Subterranean ArsenicRemoval).  If this experiment successes, it will pave the way for a promising new direction in the field of water treatment to ensure safetyfor the community. It also creates a foundation for a flexible, high efficient, save and environmentally friendly technology.

T.Minh

Source: 

http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=56&ID=128236&Code=UGX1128236

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Publications: Investment Incentives for Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia: Case study of Viet Nam » Nam Pham Khanh, Quan Nguyen Anh, Binh Quan Minh Quoc, IISD, 2012. (Jul 2013)

IISD Publications Centre

Investment Incentives for Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia: Case study of Viet Nam

» Nam Pham Khanh, Quan Nguyen Anh, Binh Quan Minh Quoc, IISD, 2012.Paper, 33 pages, copyright: IISD

Energy markets around the world face many challenges. Conventional supplies of fossil fuel reserves are becoming increasingly scarce, leading to rising prices. At the same time, concerns over climate change are growing, increasing the urgency for countries to decouple greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth. All of these pressures have greatly raised the profile of renewable energy technologies (RETs), with governments now commonly providing a range of support frameworks and incentives to attract investment.

This report assesses investment incentives for renewable energy in Viet Nam. It focuses on small hydro, wind, solar, biogas, and biomass resources. Through an analysis of the incentives available for these technologies, and drawing on insights from representatives from governments and industry, it suggests some initial findings on the extent to which Viet Nam’s investment incentives for renewable energy are effective and affordable, and identifies further research that could usefully be conducted in this area.

The analysis is part of a series of reports that aim to conduct an exploratory assessment of such incentives in developing countries around the world.

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For more information: http://www.iisd.org/publications/pub.aspx?pno=2821

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Publications: WorldFish Provides Economic Analysis of Adaptation in South-East Asia by WorldFish (18 Jul 2013)

WorldFish Provides Economic Analysis of Adaptation in South-East Asia

July 2013: WorldFish has released a publication that documents the cross-country economic impacts of three climate hazards, namely typhoons, coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion, as well as the costs of adaptation options and autonomous household responses in three Asian countries.

The report, titled 'Economic Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Areas in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam,' uses a range of qualitative and quantitative methods to document the confluence of risks affecting households. The study finds ecosystem-based approaches for reducing vulnerability to be more effective than hard infrastructure investments. It also stresses that planned adaptation efforts and external assistance reduce the amount of autonomous adaptation undertaken by private actors.

WorldFish is a member of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). [Publication: Economic Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Areas in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam]

For more information: 
http://climate-l.iisd.org/news/worldfish-provides-economic-analysis-of-adaptation-in-south-east-asia/209184/

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Vietnamese Updates: The future of the Mekong Delta: Challenges and orientation for development (22 Jun 2013)

The future of the Mekong Delta: Challenges and orientation for development
Thứ bẩy, ngày 22 tháng 06 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 03:23

Mekong Delta, which had been once considered as a symbol of prosperity. With an area of nearly 40,000 km2 and a population of 17 million people, of which nearly three quarters are farmers, this land is the large granary of the country. However, the challenges of climate change and the impact of the economic downturn has forced MekongDelta to face the threat of food and people security.

Facing the challenge

The granary in Mekong Delta

In 2012, Mekong Delta (MD) produced more than 25 million tons of rice and exported about 7 million tons of rice; however, it does not reinforce the nine-dragon land. The reason is that, during the length of development time, according to the statement of Mr. Phan Thanh Binh, Director of National University of Ho Chi Minh City on the Delta International Dialogue om 2013 held in Ho Chi Minh City: The contribution of agriculture in the Mekong Delta's entire GDP decreased from 42% in 2005 to 30% in 2010. Per capita income decreased from 115% compared to the national average in 1999 to 85% in 2010.

In these difficult conditions, the uncertain elements due to the impact of climate change and human activities in headwater area have the potential to profoundly affect the future of Mekong Delta. The impact of socio-economic development in the area of headwater basin would alter the water resources of the area towards the disadvantage direction that can hardly be predicted or controlled. A series of hydroelectric and agricultural reservoirs forming in the headwater area of MekongRiver in the future would make it difficult to control water shortages in dry season and floods in rainy season.

In Vietnam, the Mekong River basin covers about 71,000 km2, accounting for over 8% of the entire basin. Mekong Delta area covers 12% of the total country area, including 13 cities and provinces. Annually, Mekong Delta contributes up to 27% of GDP with 90% of exported rice and nearly 60% of exported seafood of Vietnam. However, this region is currently facing enormous challenges related to water issues, the status of salinity and other impacts of climate change. It has become one of the five major river basins with the most degrading river channels due to droughts. Currently, the salt water has arrived in the area of ​​Tan Chau and Chau Doc in An Giang provinces, which has never occurred in the past. By 2100, sea level could rise by 1 meter, causing the loss of 40% of the Mekong Delta. These challenges have serious impacts on the ecosystem, agricultural & fisheries activities and the lives of millions of people in the area as well as the issue of ensuring food security in Vietnam and concerned countries.

According to a report released by WWF last month, six countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) including Cambodia, China(Yunnan province and Zhuang autonomous region of Guangxi), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam are facing serious threats to the key natural resources. These threats consist of the threat of losing more than a third of the remaining cover forest area within the next two decades and the collapsed ability of Mekong's ecosystem.

Orientation towards green growth

To actively respond to climate change with a series of related challenges, Vietnam’s Government has issued the sustainable development strategy in the period of 2011 - 2020, National Strategy on Water Resources in 2020 and more specific action programs, simultaneously promote the efficient use and sustainable management of water resources, including water supply in Delta regions. To preserve and protect the ecosystem in the Mekong River Basin is the way to keep alive the rich and diversified living resources for people of the nine-dragon land.

Mr. Javed Mir, Head of Natural Resources and Environment Committee under the Southeast Asia Department of Asian Development Bank (ADB) said that, a developing future with low low carbon emission and equality in term of society is an essential element to protect the natural resources of the sub-region, thus ensuring economic growth in the long term. It may lead to a reconsideration of the decision-making system and investment policies in the region as well as  the efficient relationship construction between public and personal partners to efficiently reinforce the economic welfare of people . For sustainable development of Mekong Delta and prevent this area from collapsing threat, it is necessary to follow green development, environmental protection and natural respect.

T.Minh

Source: http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=56&ID=127863&Code=0UKH127863

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Vietnamese Updates: Da Nang: high level of biodiversity (2 Jul 2013)

Da Nang: high level of biodiversity 
Thứ ba, ngày 02 tháng 07 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 06:12

Thanks to its diversified microclimates and topography, Da Nang is one of the rare cities in the world in biodiversity. This city is a convergence of diverse systems of forests, sea and rivers with over 1,200sq. km including Hoang Sa island district. Its forest area accounts for nearly 50%, and 1,000 hectares of​​ rivers basin and low land. The city has two natural reserves Son Tra and Ba Na - Nui Chua. Moreover, it possesses Nam Hai Van landscape protection, a part of the Truong Son ecological region - one of the world’s 200 eco-regions where are home of many unique species.

Nestled on the east side of the city, the Son Tra Peninsula is home to 985 species of vascular plants and 287 animal species.  Most notably, 22 rare plant and 15 rare animal species are being protected.  One example of a protected rare animal species on the peninsula is the red-shanked douc langur, a type of monkey which is considered a preserved symbol of the peninsula. Located in the west of the city, Ba Na - Nui Chua nature Reserve consists of 5 different habitats. There are 750 species of fauna and flora which are indigenous to the north and the south of the country.

According to a research group of Mr. Le Vu Khoi (National University - Hanoi), Mr. Vo Van Phu, (Hue University of Science), Mr. Nguyen Dinh Lam (Hoa Vang District People's Committee Office, Da Nang) among 77 species  in Ba Na - Nui Chua nature reserve there are 27 rare species.25 out of 27 species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007), 21 species in the IUCN Red List (2002), 26 species in the Government's Decree 32/ND-CP.  Now, however, a number of rare species are facing danger of distinction. Many species have been recorded in the Vietnam’s Red Book and a number of species having high economic value such as Indochinese tiger (coberti pantera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), deer (Cervus unicolor), sun bear (Ursus malayanus).

Among the rare species, there is the red-shanked douc which is endemic species of Vietnam. Its population is native in Son Tra Nature Reserve and in Ba Na. However, due to the exploitation of forest in Ba Na, the red-shanked douc resides here but the individuals are not so high. The cause of the decline in the number of animals in Ba Nam is that they are caught by traps and hunted illegally. Hundreds noosetraps and trap are set in the mountain’s slope  in order to catch animals.

It can be said that few cities in the world are blessed like Da Nang. So, fighting against the extinction of rare animals and destruction of rare plants, it is necessary to establish powerful sanctions to fine violations as well as the positive response of the media in propagating awareness of the Da Nang residents. That would limit the decline of biodiversity and help conservation and development of endangered wildlife species. To do this, Da Nang will become Environment City in 2020.

Mai Chi

Source:
http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=58&ID=128102&Code=QNRL128102

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Vietnamese Updates: Efforts to save Dong Nai River (20 Jun 2013)

Heavilly-polluted Dong Nai river

Efforts to save Dong Nai River 

Thứ năm, ngày 20 tháng 06 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 04:09

Environmental basin of the Dong Nai river system has a special importance forsustainable development in 11 provinces, including Ho Chi Minh City, DongNai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Lam Dong , Dak Lak, NinhThuan, Binh Thuan, Tay Ninh, Long An. The Dong Nai river system supplieswater for living and agricultural and industrial production. At the same time,Dong Nai river system receives agricultural, industrial and hospital waste waters and part of solid urban waste. However, the water pollution in the riverbasin is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, the environment protection in the Dong Nai River is an urgent problem nowadays.

The latest data monitored by the Center of Dong Nai Environment Engineering andMonitoring in more than 100 sites in rivers, streams and lakes in the province ofDong Nai has showed that in many places, water is heavily contaminated. It isestimated that urban areas and businesses along the basin of Dong Nai river systemrelease approximately 5 million m3 of waste water  per day with a total of 600,000kgBOD, 1.1 million kg COD, 200.000kg nitrogen, and 760,000kg SS. Therefore, DongNai river’s water quality can not meet standards of water supply for daily life. Especially, the Thi Vai river’s water sources do not meetstandards for aquaculture production.

To minimize pollution on Dong Nai River, in 2003, the former Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Mai Ai Truc met leaders of 11 provinces to make immediate measures to restore Dong Nai River’s environment. Many solutions to improve water quality in the river havebeen carried out, The Prime Minister has signed Decision N. 187 on environmental protection of Dong Nai river system to 2020. According to this Decision, the provinces in the river basin to the year 2010 have improved effectively environment quality and water quality of the Dong Nai river system. Specifically, 80% of industrial zone, export processing zones collected 90% of domestic waste, 90% of industrial solid waste, 70% of hazardous waste and 100% of medical waste. To achieve this goal, the total cost will be 2,000 trillion. Currently, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is also trying to protect the basin of the Dong Nai river system by submitting to theGovernment a draft decree promulgating the list of prohibited and restricted investment areas on river basins. At the same time, the Ministry proposed to find the measures to improve the human resources and management mechanisms.

In addition to the above policies, according to Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Bui Cach Tuyen, provinces and cities in the basin in the basin should urgently build implementation plan and allocate adequate funds to accelerate construction of treatment facilities of wastewater, solid waste in urban areas, industrial zones and industrial clusters. In particular, it is urgently to unify coordination mechanism among provinces and cities in the basin, avoiding the conflicts in the basin. To do this, the Dong Nai river system would be escaped from pollution.

Mai Chi

Source: 

http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=56&ID=127837&Code=QAH5127837

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Vietnamese Updates: Recycling plastic bags into fuel oil - A new direction for waste management (10 Jun 2013)

Recycling plastic bags into fuel oil - A new direction for waste management 
Thứ hai, ngày 10 tháng 06 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 05:54

According to the latest statistics recently announced by the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, there is 7,000 tons of garbage collected every day in Ho Chi Minh City, among which 70-80 tons are plastic waste. This means that on average, the city dwellers use 5-9 million plastic bags each day. Notably, only 40% of the total amount of collected garbage is recycled into compost, while the rest is buried. This is a very difficult problem to Ho Chi Minh City as land is one the most important assets of the city. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has requested the government for permission to impose high tariffs on plastic bags, from 150% to 200%, to discourage consumers to use plastic bags. However, the facilities producing these products have yet to be put under strict control, both in quality and quantity.

Mr. Ho Tuan Kiet, Head of the Business Department of Saigon Cultural Material Company (Vafaco) - one of the first companies certified by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to produce biodegradable plastic bags, said that the production of biodegradable plastic bag have been started for almost 2 years, yet its current market share is very small. Mostly used in supermarkets and other major commercial centers, its usage is hardly seen in traditional markets. The reason is partly the cost of biodegradable plastic bag, which is about 15% higher than normal one. The small traders in traditional markets still prefer to use poor-quality bags, which cost only around VND 16,000-25,000/kg. In addition, the convenient psychology also makes people tend to ignore the environmental-friendly products available on the market.

While the authorities were stuck with the people’s habit of using plastic bags, Ho Chi Minh City Urban Environment One Member Limited Company has invested in a project on recycling plastic bags into fuel oil. This is an essential task, as recycling plastic bags into fuel oil not only helps generate environmental-friendly oils but also helps reduce waste and increase waste decomposition efficiency.

It is worth mentioning that this production process is quite simple. Raw nylon does not need to be cleaned after the collecting and sorting procedures. It can be transferred directly to the incineration and pyrolysis procedures to become fuel oil. Currently, the company is using waste of raw nylon (the amount of nylon collected every day) for the production.

Mr. Huynh Minh Nhut, Director of Ho Chi Minh City Urban Environment One Member Limited Company, said that the company has bought two incinerators to recycle polymer-derived plastic bags, with a total capacity of 15 tons/day. The initial productivity was positive, about 6,000 liters of fuel oil. This oil can be used as fuel for production plants. From now until the end of the year, another 10 incinerators will be purchased to increase the incinerating capacity to 75 tons/day. By then, apart from using raw nylon as production material, the company will ask the city for permission to reopen the closed landfills such as Go Cat and Dong Thanh to collect plastic.

The successful production of fuel oil from nylon has opened a new direction for waste management. In the long run, it will help improve the environment of the areas surrounding landfills which is facing serious pollution caused by extended garbage dumping operation of the city. In the immediate future, the amount of waste being recycled into environmental-friendly products will increase, along with a reduction of landfill waste.

Mai Chi

Source: http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=58&ID=127635&Code=M0SN127635

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Vietnamese Updates: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE AND ISLAND RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT AND MARINE PROTECTED AREA (14 Jun 2013)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE AND ISLAND RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT AND MARINE PROTECTED AREA 
Thứ sáu, ngày 14 tháng 06 năm 2013 cập nhật lúc 05:49

Vietnam has a coastline of over 3,260 km (excluding the coast of island). According to the investigation results from thescientists, the waters of Vietnam have about 11,000 species residing in more than 20 types of typical ecosystems of six different marine biodiversity areas. Among the species discovered, there are about 6,000 zoobenthos, more than 2,000 species of fish(including over 100 species of economic fish), 653 species of seaweed, 657 species of zooplankton, 537 species of phytoplankton,94 mangrove species, 225 species of brine shrimp, 14 species of sea grass, 15 species of sea snakes, 12 species of marine mammals, 5 species of sea turtles and 43 species of water birds.

Coral reefs, sea-grass beds, seaweeds, mangroves, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, marine fish, seabirds, marine mammals and reptiles with many high economic value species have been exploited and served welfare of the people and socioeconomic development.

Located in the transition zone between continent and sea, three typical ecosystems for tropical sea, including mangrove forests,coral reefs and sea-grass beds have close ties and mutual support, creating important "ecological chains" in the sea and coastal area.However, our marine ecosystem in particular and resources of the marine environment in general are facing many challenges caused by disasters and human. The degradation of an ecosystem will affect other ecosystems. The loss of such ecosystems will make Vietnamsea become "water rift" and marine resource reserves severely reduce.

In order to protect biodiversity in general and marine ecosystems in particular, on 26^th May, 2010 the Prime Minister signedDecision No. 742/QD-TTg approving the plan on the system of Vietnam’s marine protected area through 2020, with special emphasis on:

• Planning the system of protected areas to protect and preserve fishery resources and marine environment for the target ofsustainable development of fisheries and important contribution to the marine ecological environment protection.
• Building and developing the marine protected areas is the duty of industries and all levels, especially the responsibilities and rights of coastal and island communities.
• Gradually diversifying the investment forms to encourage and attract domestic and foreign investors, scientists and internationalorganizations, and also encourage the participation and management of coastal and island community for sustainable and efficient management of protected areas. (1)

                                                                                LE MAI

-------------------------------------

(1) Dr. Nguyen Dang Dao. Speaking at the 5^th forum of Vietnam Marine Trademark. Marine protected areas with the sustainable development of marine and island resources and environment. (Summary record) Ha Tinh, 7^th June, 2013, page 11

Source: 
http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=675&CateID=58&ID=127734&Code=1Q7F127734

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